TEA – three letters that hide power

Tea means something different to everyone. For me, it's a morning treat, a weekend breakfast, or a healing drink that relieves all the pain caused by a virus. So let's take a look at its leaves.

Let's look at several main types of tea, which differ in the way the tea leaves are processed and fermented. Tea fermentation is a process in which chemical changes occur in the tea leaves due to enzymes (naturally contained in the leaves) and possibly microorganisms, depending on the type of tea, which develop during this process. In kombucha, on the other hand, the tea leaves are fermented with sugar and then fermented in the presence of microorganisms beneficial to health. This also produces alcohol and kombucha can also be a sparkling drink, while fermented tea never has any sparkle.

The main component of tea is caffeine, which is called theine in this context. Its effect is to stimulate the body and mind, but it has a gentler effect than classic coffee. Another substance is L-theanine - an amino acid that promotes concentration and relaxation and, in combination with caffeine, ensures so-called calm alertness. Polyphenols, natural antioxidants that strengthen immunity and protect cells from aging. The typical aroma and taste of tea are given by essential oils and aromatic substances such as jasmine, bergamot, smoky notes (Lapsang Souchong), flowers or fruits. And what about minerals and trace elements to support the heart and bones? Yes, tea also contains these substances, especially potassium, magnesium, fluorine or manganese.

Green tea is the least processed. After harvesting, the tea leaves are quickly dried or steamed, which preserves their green color and fresh taste reminiscent of fine grass. It is characterized by a high content of L-theanine and also antioxidant polyphenols - catechins described above.

White tea is also dried only gently and sometimes fermented. It has a very mild, delicate flavor and both of these teas contain less theine, the next representative has significantly more.

Black tea is fully oxidized, which means that the tea leaves are left in the air to turn black after harvesting. It has a strong, distinctive flavor and contains more caffeine than other types of tea and, of the polyphenols, mainly theaflavins and thearubigins.

Oolong tea is partially oxidized, which is somewhere between green and black tea on an imaginary scale. It has a complex flavor that can be fruity or floral, and is often characterized by more pronounced notes.

Pu-erh tea from the Yunnan region of China is fermented and aged, which gives it an earthy flavor that develops over time. There are two main types: sheng (raw) and shu (ripe).

Herbal teas (thousands of varieties) – These are not made from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), but from various herbs, flowers, spices or fruits. Some of the most popular include chamomile, mint, rooibos, rose hips and hibiscus.

Rooibos – This tea originates from South Africa and is made from the Aspalathus linearis plant. It is caffeine-free and has a sweet, nutty flavour.

Each type of tea has its own specific properties and preparation methods. It depends on personal preference which type of tea will suit you best and also what it should contain.

Each type of tea has a slightly different effect, but here are some general health benefits of tea:

Anti-aging antioxidants - neutralize free radicals, reduce the risk of chronic diseases and skin aging.

Heart health - studies suggest that tea can help reduce "bad" LDL cholesterol levels and improve vascular health, improve blood circulation and lower blood pressure. Green tea plays a significant role in correcting cardiovascular diseases.

Metabolism and weight loss support - green tea and oolong in particular increase metabolism. Catechins and caffeine help produce heat by burning calories and thus benefit various weight loss efforts.

Digestion improvement - herbal teas and decoctions are representatives. They can soothe the stomach during bloating and gas, and black and green tea contribute to healthy intestinal microflora thanks to tannins.

Brain function support - with black tea you can manage concentration and short-term memory, with green tea thanks to L-theanine you can calm down, balance caffeine and also reduce anxiety.

Support for the immune system - not only during the acute phase of the disease, but also as a prevention. Echinacea tea is very good for the flu.

Improving skin health - some studies show that polyphenols in green tea protect the skin from UV radiation.

Calming and reducing stress - I probably don't need to write anything here... you simply can't do without tea. However, herbal teas, such as mint, lemon balm or chamomile, are very suitable. Herbal teas, such as lavender or chamomile tea, have a calming effect on the nervous system. Many people drink tea to relax and unwind after a hard day.

Overall, tea is a healthy beverage that can provide many health benefits when consumed in moderation. It's always good to keep in mind your individual needs, current health status, and the fact that too much of anything is bad. Even healthy things.

WT.24, Petra